Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), consisting of a large number of nodes to detect ambient environment, are widely\r\ndeployed in a predefined area to provide more sophisticated sensing, communication, and processing capabilities,\r\nespecially concerning the maintenance when hundreds or thousands of nodes are required to be deployed over wide\r\nareas at the same time. Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, by reading the low-cost passive tags\r\ninstalled on objects or people, has been widely adopted in the tracing and tracking industry and can support an\r\naccurate positioning within a limited distance. Joint utilization of WSN and RFID technologies is attracting increasing\r\nattention within the Internet of Things (IoT) community, due to the potential of providing pervasive context-aware\r\napplications with advantages from both fields. WSN-RFID convergence is considered especially promising in\r\ncontext-aware systems with indoor positioning capabilities, where data from deployed WSN and RFID systems can be\r\nopportunistically exploited to refine and enhance the collected data with position information. In this papera, we\r\ndesign and evaluate a hybrid system which combines WSN and RFID technologies to provide an indoor positioning\r\nservice with the capability of feeding position information into a general-purpose IoT environment. Performance of\r\nthe proposed system is evaluated by means of simulations and a small-scale experimental set-up. The performed\r\nanalysis demonstrates that the joint use of heterogeneous technologies can increase the robustness and the accuracy\r\nof the indoor positioning systems.
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